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Int. J. of Marine Science 2012, Vol.2, No.6, 43
-
50
http://ijms.sophiapublisher.com
43
Research Report Open Access
Screening Twelve Species of Sponges for Biomedical Activity in Gulf of
Mannar Tuticorin Coast
K. Chairman
1
, A.J.A. Ranjit Singh
1
, M. Ramesh
2
1. Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi,Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627412, India
2. Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 627412, India
Corresponding author email: singhspkcc@gmail.com;
Authors
International Journal of Marine Science, 2012, Vol.2, No.6 doi: 10.5376/ijms.2012.02.0006
Received: 08 Sep., 2012
Accepted: 04 Oct., 2012
Published: 10 Oct., 2012
Copyright:
©
2012 Chairman et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Chairman et al., 2012, Screening Twelve Species of Sponges for Biomedical Activity in Gulf of Mannar Tuticorin Coast, International Journal of Marine
Science, Vol.2, No.6 43
-
50 (doi: 10.5376/ijms. 2012.02.0006)
Abstract
To screen the antibacterial efficacy of various solvent extracts of 12 species marine sponges against some selected
bacteria and fungi human pathogenic bacteria. Crude extracts were prepared from the selected marine sponge using different solvents
namely, ethyl acetate and methanol and were tested for their antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria using disc
diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also performed for selected solvent extracts for all the bacterial
species. A suitable positive control was also maintained. Among the marine sponge 12 species screened were found to be more active
than 2 sponges. It was observed that the ethyl acetate extracts of the marine sponge showed higher inhibitory activity for the selected
bacterial species than methanol solvent extracts. The results revealed that the crude ethyl acetate extracts seem to be a good source
material in identifying the effective pure antibacterial compound in the sponges. The present study showed that the ethyl acetate
extracts of marine sponges such as exhibited good antimicrobial activity. But the ethyl acetate of
Aurora globostellata
(Carter) and
Spirastrella inconstans
var.
moeandrina
Dendy sponge possessed highest antibacterial activity than methanol extracts and so it could
be useful in seeking active principles against human pathogenic bacteria.
Keywords
Antimicrobial activity; Phytochemical analysis; Human pathogens; Marine sponges
1 Introduction
Marine secondary metabolites are organic compounds
produced by microbes, sponges, seaweed and other
microorganism (Attaway and Zaborsky, 1993). The
host organism biosynthesis these compounds as
non-primary or secondary metabolites to protect
themselves and to maintain homeostasis in their
environment (Selvin, 2002). Some of these secondary
metabolites offer avenues for developing potent drugs
(Selvin and Lipton, 2004). Retrospective of research
in this field indicated a number of diverse biologically
active compounds have been isolated from marine
sponges, the number of compounds taken-up for the
field trial/clinical use is scanty. Hence screening many
marine sponges for bioactive compound could bring
many novel compounds in to light. In this context the
present study was initiated to screen new sponges for
biopotentials.
There are few reports on the antibacterial activity of
bioactive compounds identified in sponges. Burkholder
and Ruetzler (1969) revealed that 18 of 31 sponges
tested showed antimicrobial effects, of which some
are very strong against a range of gram-positive and
gram-negative bacteria. Samples of 28 demosponges
collected along fresh coast indicated a high
antibacterial activity (Amade et al., 1987).
Antibacterial activity of
Dendrilla nigra
had been
reported by Ivanova et al (1993, 1994). Selvin and
Lipton
(2002, 2004) had reported the presence of
antimicrobial bioactive compounds in the sponges
Axinella donnani
and
Clathria gorgonoides
.
According to Selvin and Lipton (2004) most of the
available reports on antibacterial property of sponges
revealed their activity on gram positive bacteria.
Venkateswarlu and Biabani (1995) had reported that
the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract of the
sponge
Phycopsis
sp. collected from Tuticorin coast of
India,
exhibited
antibacterial
activity.
The
bromo-pyrrole alkaloids found in
Agelas dispar
showed moderate antibiotic activity against gram