International Journal of Aquaculture, 2017, Vol.7, No.7, 51
-
56
51
Research Report Open Access
Incidence of Lordosis in
Puntius kamalika
(Teleostei: Cyprinidae) Collected from
Colombo District, Sri Lanka
Laith A. Jawad
1
, Hiranya Sudasinghe
2
1 Flat Bush, Manukau, Auckland 2016, New Zealand
2 Department of Zoology, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Corresponding author Email
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2017, Vol. 7, No.7 doi
Received: 25 Apr., 2017
Accepted: 17 May, 2017
Published: 30 May, 2017
Copyright © 2017
Jawad et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article
:
Jawad L.A., and Sudasinghe H., 2017, Incidence of lordosis in
Puntius kamalika
(Teleostei: Cyprinidae) collected from Colombo District, Sri Lanka,
International Journal of Aquaculture, 7(7): 51-56 (doi
Abstract
Cases of
lordosis including one flexion is described in one specimen of
Puntius kamalika
. To estimate the severances of
lordosis several morphometric measurements of the vertebrae were taken in addition to the angle found in between the two sides of
the lordotic vertebrae. The depth of the curvature is also measured to estimate the severity of the case. Causes of these cases were of
anomalies were discussed.
Keywords
Anomalies; Cyprinidae; Lordosis; Vertebral column; Sri Lanka
1 Introduction
Deformities in fishes are well documented in several species around the world (Antunes and Da Cunha, 2002;
Jawad and Al-Mamry, 2012; Jawad, 2013). Due to several factors, these anomalies could be resulted from
changes in the metabolism of the fish, which might be physical, chemical and biological. A deviation, irreversible,
natural or induced, morphology of fish could then be induced (Divanach et al., 1996). In the wild population, the
incidences of fish abnormalities are rare (Boglione et al., 2001), and if they happened, they usually considered as
an indication of a discrepancy in the habitats that the fish living in genetic or epigenetic could be behind the
causes of abnormalities in fishes (Afonso et al., 2000; Sadler et al., 2001).
The role of the environmental conditions in inducing anomalies occurs during the larval development of fish. At
these early stages of the fish development, any pathogens (Villeneuve et al., 2005) or the physical and chemical
components can affect the process of development in the skeletal system. Among these factors, Ørnsrud et al.
(2004) and Sfakianakis et al. (2004) have suggested brightness, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and salinity.
On the other hand, Koyama (1996) proposed specific toxic substances that have a teratogenic effect, i.e.,
herbicides and organophosphorus pesticides. Finally, Louiz et al. (2007) recommended that heavy metals and
hydrocarbons may bring changes in the bones during their development. Cases of teratology in the skeletal system
of the fish, therefore, have been used to indicate the presence of pollutants in the environment (Von Westernhagen
and Dethlefsen, 1997).
There are several forms of severe deformities that can happen to the vertebral column of the fish. Lordosis is one
of those anomalies; it develops in both the thoracic and caudal vertebrae. The non-inflation of the swimbladder in
fish can cause different levels of lordosis (Chatain and Dewavrin, 1989). Fishes during their developmental stages
could face unfavourable environmental factors that can cause cases of lordosis (Kihara et al., 2002). Two levels of
lordosis can be developed in fishes, it is either minor modification in the vertebral column or the whole column
bends in acute angles (Divanach et al., 1996). Therefore, it is important task in the fisheries and hatcheries to
study the effects of deformity on body shape (Sfakianakis et al., 2004).
Puntius kamalika
is a freshwater species prefers benthopelagic environment. It distribution is confined to Sri
Lanka, where it found in the wet-zone lowlands. No biological information about this species (Froese and Pauly,
