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International Journal of Aquaculture, 2014, Vol.4, No.11, 67
-
72
http://ija.biopublisher.ca
67
Research Article Open Access
Larvicidal Activity of
Phyllanthus fraternus
Powder in Suppressing
Dermestes
maculatus
Degeer (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Infestation on Smoked African
Catfish (
Clarias gariepinus
)
J. M. Adesina
1
, A. R. Jose
2
, O. O. Adetuyi
3
, D. A. Olorunfemi
4
1. Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, P. M. B. 1019, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
2. Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, P. M. B. 1019, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
3. Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, P. M. B. 1019, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
4. Department of Agricultural Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, P. M. B. 1019, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
Corresponding author email
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2014, Vol.4, No.11 doi: 10.5376/ija.2014.04.0011
Received: 07 Feb., 2014
Accepted: 08 Mar., 2014
Published: 12 Apr., 2014
Copyright © 2014
Adesina et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article
:
Adesina et al., 2014, Larvicidal Activity of
Phyllanthus fraternus
Powder in Suppressing
Dermestes maculatus
Degeer (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Infestation on
Smoked African Catfish (
Clarias gariepinus
), International Journal of Aquaculture, Vol.4, No.11: 67-72 (doi: 10.5376/ija.2014.04.0011)
Abstract
The efficacy of the plant powder of
Phyllanthus fraternus
was evaluated under tropical storage condition against larvae of
the leather beetle
Dermestes maculatus
.
The experiment was in two sets, set A which are in concentration 0g, 1.0g, 2.0g, 2.5g,
3.0g/15g of smoked fish and in B 0g, 3.5g, 4.0g, 4.5g, 5.0g powder admixed with 20g of smoked fish; while all the treatment
containing 0g were without plant powder which served as control and all the treatments were in triplicates. Newly emerged (0 - 72
hours old) larvae of
D. maculatus
was introduced. Evaluation of the potency of the plant powder was based on the larvae mortality
and the adult emergence. The weight losses in fish muscle in the treated and untreated samples were compared as index of fish
damage during storage. The result showed that higher plant powder concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) effective in killing
larvae stage of the insect while at 1st and 2
nd
weeks after infestation (WAI), non-significant (P>0.05) was observed except for 1
st
WAI in set A treatment. Adult emergence was significantly (P<0.05) inhibited in treated fish in set A and weight loss due to insect
infestation was greatly suppressed by the higher dosage rate of the plant powder compared to control. The phytochemical analysis of
P. fraternus
powder revealed the presence of Tannins, Saponins, Alkaloids and Kelakellani (glycosides), that might be responsible for
the larvicidal activity of
P. fraternus
powder against larval of
D. maculatus
. This finding revealed that
P. fraternus
powder toxicity
and efficacy were dosage dependent and suggested that the plant could be used by poor resource fish farmers, processors and
marketers in protecting smoked-dried fish against
D. maculatus
during processing, transportation, marketing and storage.
Keywords
Phyllanthus fraternus
; Adult emergence; Efficacy; Larvae mortality; Toxicity; Phytochemical; Potency
Introduction
Fish constitutes about 50% of total animal protein
intake in Nigeria. Since the cost of beef increases
daily and owing to its nutritional and health benefit of
fish, its wide acceptability on the menu table of most
Nigerians irrespective of socio-economic status, age
and religious background could not be over
emphasised.
Fish protein has a high biological value because it is
composed of a very high profile of essential amino
acids, notably lysine, methionine and isoleucine,
which are relatively deficient in animal protein
(Abolagba et al., 2011). It is a good source of thiamine,
riboflavin, vitamins A, B, D, E and K and respectable
amount of minerals such as phosphorus, calcium and
iron, iodine, fluorine and magnesium (Yem et al.,
2006); it is equally high in polysaturated fatty acids
which are important factor for lowering blood cholesterol
level (Conquer and Holub, 2002; Okunade, 2011).
The artisanal sector which contributes about 90 per
cent of the total fish production in the country depends
mainly on smoking and drying as the means of
preserving their catch that cannot be sold fresh,
probably because the process requires a minimum of
capital investments.
Smoke-dried fish is susceptible to attack by insect
especially beetles of the genera,
Dermestes
and
Necrobia
throughout processing, transportation,
marketing and storage. A survey in the market in
Ibadan, Nigeria in the period from January 1971 to
July 1972 showed that Coleoptera, especially
Dermestes maculatus
(which accounted for 71.5% of