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International Journal of Aquaculture 2012, Vol.2, No.9, 59
-
64
http://ija.sophiapublisher.com
59
Research Report Open Access
Evaluation of Growth Performance, Feed Utilization Efficiency and Survival
Rate of Juvenile Nile tilapia,
Oreochromis niloticus
(Linnaeus, 1758) Reared
at Different Water Temperature
Kassaye Balkew Workagegn
Department of Biology, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
Corresponding author email: kassayebalkew@gmail.com
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2012, Vol.2, No.9 doi: 10.5376/ija.2012.02.0009
Received: 05 Oct., 2012
Accepted: 25 Oct., 2012
Published: 13 Nov., 2012
Copyright: © 2012 Workagegn. This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Workagegn, 2012, Evaluation of Growth Performance, Feed Utilization Efficiency and Survival Rate of Juvenile Nile tilapia,
Oreochromis niloticus
(Linnaeus,
1758) Reared at Different Water Temperature, International Journal of Aquaculture, Vol.2, No.9 59
-
64 (doi: 10.5376/ija. 2012.02.0009)
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and survival rate of juvenile
Oreochromis niloticus
reared in aquaria at different water temperature. The fish with average body weight of 4.19 g were reared at 24,
26, 28, 30, 32 and 34
℃
water temperature for 90 days. The stocking density was 10 fish per 50 L of water. Diet of 27% crude
protein was offered three times a day at the rate of 10% of their body weight. 100% of water volume was changed once in two days
intervals. Growth and feed utilization efficiency of the fish were recorded at two weeks intervals. The results revealed that the growth
of juvenile
Oreochromis niloticus
was found to be higher (57.24 g) with better BWG (53.14 g), SGR (2.93%/day), FCR (2.43), MGR
(3.89 gkg
0.8
/day) and PER (1.97) on the fish reared at 32
℃
water temperature followed by 3
0℃
(51.15 g), while the lowest growth
was observed at 24
℃
water temperature (29.32 g). The results also revealed that the fish reared at 34
℃
water temperature had
reddish colour around the fines and the operculum which were not occur on the other fish reared at other rearing water
temperature. Moreover, the size at first sexual maturation was small for the fish reared at higher water temperature as compared
with lower water temperature, but shorter rearing period. Survival rate of the fish was the same at all rearing water temperature. It
is conclude that the water temperature ranging from 28
℃
to 32
℃
is optimum for rearing of
Oreochromis niloticus
. This study is
also demonstrated that
Oreochromis niloticus
can be cultured in the rift valley region of the country where the average
atmospheric temperature is above 26
℃
.
Keywords
Aquarium culture; Feed utilization efficiency; Growth performance;
Oreochromis niloticus;
Water temperature
Introduction
Nowadays, the demand of fish food is increasing
throughout the world due to the recognition of its
nutritional value (Tingman et al., 2010). In addition, the
rise of food price and rapid human world population
growth increase the demand of fish consumption (FAO,
2010; 2012). For these reasons, there are varieties of
farming fish species get a special consideration to
increase the world fish production. Tilapia is the second
largest farmed fish group in the world next to carp
(El-Sayed, 2006; FAO, 2012). The most commercially
cultured fish species in the global tilapia farming is
dominated by
Oreochromis aureus
(Bentsen et al., 1998;
Pillay and Kutty, 2005; El-Sayed, 2006).
The expansion
of
Oreochromis niloticus
farming is due to its tolerance
to a wide range of environmental conditions including
factors such as pH, temperature, nitrogen wastes, low
dissolved oxygen concentration and its easiness for
handling practices (Noor et al., 2010). However, most
tilapia does not eat and grow at lower water temperature.
Thus, temperature is the natural limiting factors that
influence the growth performance of tilapia (Pandit and
Nakamura, 2010). “It is considered as driving force in
the life of the fish as its effect is more than any other
single factor” (Azevedo et al., 1998). Although, there are
several researches that have been done worldwide, it is
hard to get information about the optimum water
temperature required for
Oreochromis niloticus
in
Ethiopia
.
Therefore, the present study was planned to
investigate the growth performance, feed utilization
efficiency and survival rate of juvenile
Oreochromis
niloticus
reared at different water temperature.