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Molecular Plant Breeding 2013, Vol.5, No.7, 36
-
42
http://mpb.biopublisher.ca
36
Research Report Open Access
An Analysis to Visualize Influence of Global Warming on Wheat Grain Quality
with High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits at
Glu D1
Locus
D. Mohan , R.K. Gupta
Quality Section, Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal 132001, India
Corresponding authors email: devmohan@gmail.com
Authors
Molecular Plant Breeding, 2014, Vol.5, No.7 doi: 10.5376/mpb.2014.05.0007
Received: 30 Apr., 2014
Accepted: 12 May, 2014
Published: 10 Jun., 2014
Copyright
©2014 Mohan and Gupta, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Mohan and Gupta, An Analysis to Visualize Influence of Global Warming on Wheat Grain Quality with High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits at
Glu D1
Locus, Molecular Plant Breeding, 2014, Vol.5, No. 7 36
-
42 (doi: 10.5376/mpb.2014.05.0007)
Abstract
Frequency of high yielding bread wheat genotypes with 5+10 and 2+12 banding patterns at
Glu D1
locus was observed in
558 bread wheat entries evaluated during 2003-13 in national wheat programme of India under different agro-climatic conditions.
Frequency of 2+12 type wheats was much higher in the stressed environments suggesting preponderance of this category wheat
under global warming. It could lower strength and quality of gluten but wet gluten per unit protein might improve, consequently,
bread quality might decline.
Chapati
and biscuit qualities, protein content and flour yield might remain unaffected. More variations
in end-products, flour recovery, protein and gluten contents and grain hardness are anticipated but variability in sedimentation
volume and gluten index might squeeze. Shift in the route to product quality and flour yield is suggested under elevated temperature
conditions with need to devise selection criteria for identifying product superior varieties of 2+12 category wheats.
Keywords
End-product quality;
Glu D1
locus; Grain quality components; Indian wheat; HMWGS
Introduction
Dynamics of
climate changes has drawn attention of
wheat researcher’s world over as it is envisaged to
affect yield and quality. Elevated temperatures under
its influence can shrink the grain ripening period and
hinder the grain development processes resulting in
lower protein and higher starch contents (Wrigley,
2006). Decrease in wheat grain and flour protein has
been demonstrated in greenhouse, growth chamber
and field experiments (Ziska et
al
.,
2004; Kimball,
2010). It is perceived that global climate change will
result in weakened dough strength and diminished
nutritional and processing quality of flour
(Uthayakumaran et al., 2009; Erbs et al., 2010).
Information about changes in composition and quality
of protein under stressed environments is yet to be
worked out. Certain reports fromAustralia suggest that
gluten proteins from heat-stressed tolerant varieties
have a higher molecular-weight-distribution than
proteins from susceptible wheats (Uthayakumaran et
al., 2009). Importance of high molecular weight
glutenin subunits (HMWGS) is crucial in bread
quality as it represents quality of gluten needed to
make good dough (Pena, 2008). Genes controlling
HMWGS are located on the
Glu-A1
,
Glu-B1
and
Glu-D1
loci, in the long arm of the group one
chromosomes and can easily be detected through
SDS–PAGE. There is differential quality effect linked
to glutenin subunit composition as 1, 2* (
Glu A1
); 7+8,
17+18 (
Glu B1
); and 5+10 (
Glu D1
), generally
contribute positively to high dough strength.
Relevance of 5+10 in wheat dough quality, especially
to bake high quality breads, has been strongly
supported in wheat (Payne et al., 1981; Pena, 2008).
Since effect of global warming has been envisaged in
India also (Ortiz et al., 2008), it is important to
examine whether proportion of protein fractions
especially 5+10 and 2+12 type’s will remain same
under the changed field growth conditions. In this
investigation, only
Glu D1
has been focussed and data
generated in All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley
Improvement Project (AICW&BIP) has been
examined to understand whether frequency of 5+10
glutenin subunits among high yielders matches with
2+12 types in stressed environments. Study focussed
on grain quality differences, inter-relationship
between important grain properties and the route to
end-product quality in the two categories of wheat.
Information generated on these aspects is crucial to
mitigate the fallout on end-product quality and the
prospects of developing product specific varieties
under global environmental changes.